Cai E (1882–1916), military leader who was a key figure in the establishment the National Protection Army 護國軍|护国军[Hu4 guo2 jun1], which in 1916 fought the forces of Yuan Shikai 袁世凱|袁世凯[Yuan2 Shi4 kai3], who had tried to reestablish the monarchy with himself as emperor

Cai Lun (-121), the inventor of the papermaking process

see 蔡甸區|蔡甸区[Cai4 dian4 Qu1]

Cai Xiang (1012-1067), Song calligrapher

Cai Dongfan (1877-1945), historian and historical novelist